What type of airspace must UAS operators avoid without special authorization?

UAS operators are typically required to avoid Class B, C, D, and E airspace without special authorization due to the complexities and the high volume of manned aircraft operating within these areas.

Class B airspace surrounds the busiest airports and is designed to facilitate the safe and orderly flow of air traffic. It includes both surface to an altitude, varying by airport, and places restrictions on unauthorized aircraft. Class C and D airspace are also associated with airports, though they accommodate less traffic than Class B airspace, and still require UAS operators to receive permission for entry to ensure safety and integration with manned aircraft operations.

Class E airspace encompasses various regions that are generally less congested but still used by manned aircraft and can have specific operational limitations. Without proper authorization, UAS operations in these airspaces could pose significant safety risks, including potential collisions with manned aircraft.

In contrast, Class A airspace is primarily for instrument flight rules (IFR) operations, generally at higher altitudes, and specific regulations apply regarding accessibility. Class F airspace is not a standard designation in the FAA's classification system for U.S. airspace, and thus does not apply. Private airspace typically refers to landowners or property