A wind that blows against the direction of travel, which is favorable for takeoffs and landings, is known as a __________.

A wind that blows directly against the direction of travel is known as a headwind. This type of wind is crucial for aircraft operations, especially during takeoffs and landings, because it increases the relative airflow over the wings, enhancing lift.

When taking off, a headwind provides an additional lift to the aircraft, allowing it to become airborne more quickly and at a reduced ground speed, which is often beneficial for safety and performance. During landing, having a headwind helps the aircraft to descend at a slower ground speed, making it easier to control and reducing the distance needed for landing.

This concept is fundamental in aviation, where understanding wind dynamics is pivotal for safe and efficient operations.